Key Takeaways:
- Naver acquires Upbit, South Korea's largest crypto exchange.
- Deal values Dunamu at approximately $10.3 billion USD.
- Naver aims to build a future growth engine based on digital assets.
- Merger seeks to create a super-financial platform integrating search, communication, payments, and digital asset trading.
- Challenges include crypto market volatility and competition from Bithumb.
- Upbit plans for a Nasdaq listing post-merger.
Introduction
South Korea has witnessed one of its largest-ever mergers between a tech giant and a cryptocurrency exchange. On November 26th, Naver, the South Korean internet conglomerate, announced it had agreed to acquire Dunamu, the operator of South Korea’s largest virtual asset exchange, Upbit. Following the announcement, Naver's stock price surged by 7.7% in after-hours trading.
Acquisition Rationale
Naver stated that the move aims to "build a future growth engine based on digital assets." News of this acquisition had been circulating in Korean media for weeks prior to the official announcement, driving up Naver's stock price. Senior executives from both sides reportedly engaged in multiple rounds of discussions to bridge valuation disagreements and regulatory concerns.
Deal Specifics
According to regulatory filings submitted by Naver, the acquisition will be executed through Naver's fintech subsidiary, Naver Financial, with each share of Dunamu being exchangeable for 2.54 newly issued shares of Naver Financial. Based on this exchange ratio, Dunamu's equity value is estimated at approximately 15.1 trillion Korean won (approximately $10.3 billion USD), and Naver Financial is valued at around 4.9 trillion Korean won ($3.347 billion USD). This acquisition will make Dunamu a wholly-owned subsidiary of Naver Financial through a stock swap. Upon completion of the transaction, Naver's stake in Naver Financial will be significantly diluted from its current approximately 70% to around 17%.
Ownership Structure and Control
Due to his substantial shareholding in Dunamu, Dunamu's founder and chairman, Song Chi-hyung, will nominally become the largest shareholder of Naver Financial. However, he and the vice chairman will delegate more than half of their voting rights to Naver to ensure Naver's control over the merged financial subsidiary (approximately 46.5% of the voting rights). This means that while Dunamu will formally merge into Naver Financial as a major shareholder, actual control will remain in the hands of Naver Corporation. This arrangement protects the interests of Naver's shareholders while also allowing Dunamu's senior management to become key stakeholders through share ownership, laying the groundwork for subsequent integration.
Next Steps
According to the preliminary timeline announced by the two companies, Naver Financial and Dunamu plan to hold shareholder meetings on May 22, 2026, to vote on the stock swap merger plan. If shareholders approve, the final stock swap delivery is expected to be completed on June 30, 2026. The transaction is also subject to antitrust review by the Korea Fair Trade Commission (FTC), as well as approval from financial regulators for changes in major shareholders.
Challenges and Risks
This merger faces several potential challenges and risks, including:
- Antitrust review by the Korea Fair Trade Commission.
- Volatility in the cryptocurrency market.
- Competition from other exchanges, such as Bithumb.
- Potential regulatory hurdles.
Conclusion
Naver's acquisition of Dunamu marks a significant milestone in reshaping South Korea's technology and finance landscape. Upon completion of this acquisition, Naver will incorporate cryptocurrency trading into its portfolio, while Upbit will be able to leverage Naver's massive user ecosystem. The two sides plan to create a comprehensive super-platform integrating search, communication, payments, and virtual asset trading, integrating digital assets into all aspects of South Koreans' daily lives.
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